comparison degree of adjective

whenever adjective change the form (brave braver bravest) to show comparison it is called the comparison degree of adjective

Adjective brave is said to be in the positive degree

Adjective braver is said to be in the comparative degree

Adjective bravest is said to be in the superlative degree

Positive degree of the adjective is in simple form

Comparative degree of an adjective show a higher degree of the quality than the positive and used to show the comparison between two things or set of things

For example

Ali is stronger than Ahmed

Andrew is clever than smith

Honey is sweeter than sugar

Superlative degree of an adjective show the highest degree of the quality and used when more than two things are compared

Ali is the strongest in the class

Andrew is the cleverest in the town

Formation of comparative and superlative or comparison degree of adjective

(1)   Adjective with one syllable and more than one mostly formed by adding er to comparative est to superlative to positive like below

(2)   Some time when Positive ends in e only r are added to comparative and st to form superlative

When the positive ends in y followed by consonant the y is changed into I before adding er to superlative and est to superlative

When the positive is  word of one syllable and ends in a single consonant followed by a short vowel this consonant is doubled before adding er to form comparative est to form superlative

Some adjective which have more than two syllables from the comparative and superlative by adding more and most before the positive

The Comparative degree in er is not used when we compare two qualities in the same person or thing if we wish to say that the courage of ANDREW is greater than the courage of SMITH we say

Andrew is braver than Smith

But if we want to say that the courage of Andrew is greater than his prudence we must say

Andrew is more brave than prudent

When two items are compared with each other latter term of comparison must exclude the former : as

           Gold is the more useful than any other metal

       We can also say

             GOLD is more useful than any metal

That is the same thing as saying gold is more useful than gold since Gold is itself a metal

  IRRGULAR Comparison degree of adjective

 The following adjective are compared irregularly their comparative and superlative are not formed from the Positive

       V       

Double shape of the comparative and superlative of the adjectives discussed above are used im different ways

Later and latest denotes time

Latter and last denotes to position

Andrew is later than I expected (time)

I have not heard the latest news (time)

The latter chapters are lacking in interest (position)

The second chapter is carelessly written (position)

Ours is the last house in the town (position)

 Elder and eldest are only used for persons

Andrew is my elder brother

John is my eldest son

Older and oldest are used for both persons and things

John is older than his sister

Joe is the oldest boy in the eleven

This is the oldest temple in Peshawar

Father and further are used to express distance    

 Andrew must reply without any delay

After this jeo made no further remarks

Karachi is farther/further from the equator than colombo

Nearest denotes the shortest distance away and next  denotes to one of sequence of things coming after each other

Karachi is the seaport nearest to suadi Arbia

Where is the nearest pizza hut

Andrews shop is next to the post office

My aunty lives in the next house